Zinc Deficiencies Free Essays

Zinc insufficiency is the lacking measure of zinc in the body to satisfy its needs. Zinc is crucial to the body capacities, for example, a sound invulnerable framework and wrongdiagnosis. com states is most popular for limiting the impacts of the basic cold or upper respiratory diseases. We will compose a custom paper test on Zinc Deficiencies or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now It can upgrade the elements of the liver, muscles and bones. Different elements of zinc in the body are to wound recuperates; help protein movement; DNA creation and cell division. When there is a deficient measure of zinc accessible for metabolic necessities the condition is called hypozincemia. Insufficient amounts of zinc in the day by day diet are the principle motivation behind why zinc inadequacies happen. Zinc lack is exceptional in zones where the eating regimen is high in meat yet Solomons, N. W. (2001) reasons that individuals who diets comprise basically plant based food sources that are low in bioavailable zinc regularly have zinc insufficiencies. Individuals who are veggie lovers, older and those whom are malnourished can be in danger of the insufficiency. Pregnant ladies or those that are breastfeeding are in danger from zinc inadequacy because of the levels of popularity for zinc from a creating newborn child. Constant illnesses, for example, liquor abuse, diabetes and malignant growth are in danger of creating zinc insufficiency. Unnecessary loss of zinc can happen in the event that you have liver illness or after an injury, consumes and protein losing conditions, for example, enteropathy. In kids zinc lack can create as hindered development and taste just as a postponed sexual development. The manifestations incorporate hindered invulnerability, night visual impairment, iron deficiency, laziness, and impeded injury recuperating. A lack in zinc can cause glitches of these organs and capacities. Zinc doesn't get put away in the body; consequently for treatment it is imperative to eat food high in zinc each day. Red meat, shellfish, nuts and beans are instances of reasonable food hotspots for the mineral zinc. Dietary enhancements likewise contain zinc in this way veggie lovers whose diet does exclude sufficient wellsprings of zinc, supplementation might be fundamental. Pregnant or breastfeeding lady may likewise require zinc supplementation because of their necessary appeal and is a constructive outcome on development in untimely babies. Wholesome enhancements wellbeing guide. com states there are two different ways of accomplishing supplements and those are zinc sulfate and zinc gluconate. As indicated by pediatriconcall. om a portion of 35-40mg every day can be utilized for treatment of zinc insufficiency. In patients with looseness of the bowels, a uniform portion of 20 mg of natural zinc ought to be given during the time of the runs and for 7 days after discontinuance of the runs in youngsters more seasoned than 3 months. To address the issue for assimilated zinc in the human body through our dietary admission, it requires an expansion in zinc content or a diminishing in the phytate content. Phytate is a phosphate stockpiling intensify that chelates zinc and theories two substances influences the bioavailability of zinc. Whenever analyzed and rewarded immediately, zinc insufficiency has a decent visualization of a full recuperation but since there is no authoritative test for zinc lack, a postponed or missed analysis of the condition is conceivable. There are numerous indicative tests accessible for zinc lack, for example, zinc trial. As taste and smell is subject to there being sufficient zinc in the body , a straightforward 10 second test should be possible where 1-2 teaspoons of the arrangement is tasted and held in the mouth for precisely ten seconds after which is letting out. In the event that there is no particular taste sensation it demonstrates a significant inadequacy of zinc, a metallic taste like heating soft drink shows a moderate lack exist. Left untreated, a zinc inadequacy may prompt confusions of an augmentation of the liver and spleen, extreme lack of healthy sustenance, repetitive diseases and in the long run passing. pr-usa. net cases ‘deficiency is a noteworthy general medical problem, causing 800,000 passings by and large and putting in danger in excess of two billion individuals because of afflictions, for example, looseness of the bowels and pneumonia’ and maternal zinc insufficiency may cause fetal distortions and low birth weight. References http://www.nutritional-supplements-wellbeing guide.com/zinc-inadequacy symptoms.html http://www.ehow.com/how_4514397_identify-zinc-deficiency.html#ixzz1CqQF0cNK http://www.merckmanuals.com/proficient/sec01/ch005/ch005j.html http://www.patient.co.uk/specialist/Zinc-Deficiency.htm Step by step instructions to refer to Zinc Deficiencies, Essay models

Analysis Of The Last Of The Mohicans Essay Example For Students

Investigation Of The Last Of The Mohicans Essay In James Fenimore Coopers The Last of the Mohicans, everything is organized as a twofold, with the slaughter of Fort William Henry standing shockingly in the center of the parts. The initial segment of the novel is set inside the bounds of human advancement, the second part in arranged in the realm of the Indians. The characters likewise have reflected alternate extremes. The great and terrible Indian, the dim and reasonable woman, the respectable red warrior and the running and refined white officer. Notwithstanding, it is the difference and the interaction of the two Indian figures, Uncas and Magua, that make up the principle topic of the story. It is in the depiction of these two characters that Cooper analyzes the principle topic of the story, the destiny of the Indians in the America. The undisputed saint of the Leatherstocking arrangement is the boondocks figure, Natty Bumppo. Notwithstanding, in The Last of the Mohicans, the second book in the arrangement, Natty Bumppo, or Hawkeye for this situation, doesn't appear to show the legendary characteristics of the detached scout and tracker. Terence Martin has brought up that in The Last of the Mohicans . . . we experience a strange and incomplete Natty Bumppo. What's more, Donald Darnell states, in spite of the fact that there is no tumbling off his forces he is in his prime, his eye is sharp as could be, and his job as legend is usurped by Uncas, whose development to the situation of predominance at the books end Cooper skilfully creates. Uncas and Magua are the hero and opponent of this story, and the two of them fill in as an image of the evaporating individuals, a definitive survivors of infringing progress of the white man. Uncas is the bold warrior, who typifies the respectable qualities of the pleased Indians. In the second 50% of the novel, Uncas invades the Huron town, to protect the caught ladies. The setting of the story is currently moved to a legendary Indian area. It is where the white man is weak. In addition, it is where boldness is the sine qua non, and it is proper that Uncass development as legend starts here. The other Indian that Cooper appears differently in relation to Uncas is Magua. He is the conventional awful Indian, the abhorrent and crafty fiend. As indicated by Leslie Fiedler, Cooper figures out how to engender the two parts of the American inner conflict toward the Indian: the Easterners or missionarys sentimentalizing of the Vanishing American, and the Westerners or Indian warriors negative scorn for the savage. By sorting out his stories around two Indian outrages microcosmically, Maguas snatching of Cora and Alice; perceptibly, the butcher at Fort William Henry Cooper can allow the Indians feeling of wronged blamelessness and simultaneously present the Indians vengeance as trading off their cases to equity and maybe even to endurance.

Collapse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Breakdown - Essay Example The paper will close with a basic assessment f Diamond’s book and outline of the primary concerns talked about in the entire paper. The writer has prevailing with regards to drawing out his message in the book. He has talked about the reasons with regards to why numerous social orders crumbled particularly in the thirteenth and fourteenth hundreds of years. A portion of the reasons as t why the social orders fallen incorporate episode of dangerous sickness (Bubonic Plague), changes in climatic seasons, and war. Because of the above elements, numerous individuals in the social orders lost their lives and this prompted the decrease of individuals in the general public. There is likewise the conversation of how the social orders had the option to recuperate from the misfortune. For one, there was reinforcing of the military which empowered solid resistance against the individuals from the general public. There was social endurance whereby the way of life of the Mongols was dropped and the social orders grasped the Chinese social customs. There was augmentation of populace because of increment of birth rates. This ma de the general public to supplant the individuals who were lost during the war. As indicated by Diamond, social orders crumbled essentially in the fourteenth century because of the episode bubonic plague. Since the social orders were packed, the malady generally spread and made part of passings the individuals. The episode proceeded up to seventh century whereby by then it had guaranteed a great deal of lives. The illness had spread and had secured most pieces of Asia, Europe a few pieces of north Africa (Diamond 2011 , p. 350). In 1340s, shippers from Mongols and different voyagers aided the spread of the plague along all the exchange courses that were utilized by the Chinese individuals. Continuously 1348, the ailment had spread all through the Mediterranean bowl and most pieces of Western Europe. The other explanation behind the breakdown as per Diamond was the progressions in climatic seasons whereby in 1300 B.C there was a proceeded with cool season for a long time. This made starvation to assault the

Xbox Free Essays

Get Free Xbox Live Membership Codes This strategy requires a glitched code I for one purchased, the code doesn’t work when you attempt to reclaim it, anyway to the employee’s at Xbox is appeared on their screen as Active and working yet doesn't mention to them what the code is really for (multi month, multi month, year, 4k msp and so forth ) I know what you’re thinking as of now, horse crap? No, attempt it yourself beneath. Note: They could request the code whenever, so be prepared. We will compose a custom exposition test on Xbox or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Ensure you’re marked in on a NEW silver record each and every time you do this or it won't work. Likewise, on the Silver record round out charging data with a phony location name, ect. Additionally, alter your profile and proverb and everything else, for example, your gamerpicture so it would seem that a genuine record. *Don’t simply hurry into this strategy without following the bearings expressed above or it won't work! * K8F3V-78HXG-YRRJ4-TW8XQ-RR7M3 1. Go to Xbox. com and jump on Contact Us - Support 2. Starting from the drop menu, pick Xbox Live - Prepaid Codes 3. 3. In the portrayal type â€Å"Help with prepaid codes, very confusing† Or something like that. *Change what you compose here everytime! * 4. At the point when they invite you, simply go with what they state, act ordinary. Tell the Agent a situation, state you got your code for you birthday from your mom. You got the code, recorded it on a bit of paper and wanted to utilize it when you required it. At that point, say that you attempted to utilize it and it gave you a mistake code on the xbox. (Be innovative with this story, make it persuading! ) 5. Reveal to them you can’t take the card back in light of the fact that you destroyed the card after you recorded it on a notebook on your PC for covinence. 6. On the off chance that they request that you investigate the issues just don’t answer for some time, at that point disclose to them it didn’t work, or in the event that they ask what the code was reveal to them it was for whatever you’re wishing to get. 7. In the event that they ask what the blunder was while recovering, the mistake on xbox. com is â€Å"This code isn't valid† and the blunder on the support is â€Å"This code isn’t legitimate. It would be ideal if you enter a substantial code. † 8. They will likely continue for some time asking you various inquiries , simply answer the inquiries and feed them the untruths you think they need to hear and you’ll be fine. 9. In the end they ought to either : Offer you a multi month code as they can’t give you whatever else on the grounds that you don’t have the first card, raise the solicitation for you and you will get your ideal code by means of email in a couple of days OR they will reveal to you they can’t do anything (If they express this to you, you have fizzled. You should simply end the discussion then X it off and attempt again in an hour or somewhere in the vicinity) The most effective method to refer to Xbox, Papers

Comparison Scientific Management and Ordinary Type of Management

Correlation Scientific Management and Ordinary Type of Management The creator makes an examination between logical administration and normal sort of the board. For laborers to work adequately and convey, they should have activity. Activity in this setting is the difficult work, positive attitude and inventiveness that representatives depict as they play out their obligations. The essayist presents the principal sort of the board which depends on incentives.Advertising We will compose a custom book survey test on Comparison: Scientific Management and Ordinary Type of Management explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to this methodology, the business must give the laborers a motivating force on their normal compensation so as to get their drive. The motivator can be given in different manners, for example, guarantees of quick advancement, higher wages, shorter working hours and better working conditions. This type of motivating force ought to be joined by an authentic enthusiasm of the business in the government assistance o f the laborers. This administration approach focuses on the way that businesses can just acquire the activity of their laborers after a specific prompting or motivation has been advertised. Despite what might be expected, activity in logical administration is gotten in an alternate way and doesn't depend on motivating forces or incitements. This methodology centers around improving the laborers and the directors taking up new obligations and duties that don't exist in standard administration approach. For example, the supervisors accept the weight of social event conventional information recently controlled by the laborers and afterward changing it into rules, laws and formulae which are utilized by the laborers to play out their obligations. This procedure is essentially a science that is created to control logical administration approach. Under logical administration, directors accept that all the work ought not be left to the laborers. This clarifies the motivation behind why the y accept new undertakings that are new and hard to perform. The main obligation directors under logical administration perform is building up a logical idea for each errand the laborers do, while the subsequent one is that they deductively train, instruct and build up the workmen.Advertising Looking for book survey on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This builds adequacy of the laborers as opposed to what occurs in conventional administration approach where singular specialists train themselves. The third weight that supervisors under logical administration convey is the obligation of collaborating with the laborers so as to guarantee that they follow the logical standards created as they play out their obligations. The fourth obligation of the administrators under logical administration is to isolate work similarly between the laborers and themselves. This depends on the reason that there are und ertakings that the directors can perform better than the laborers. Leaving the errands to the laborers just prompts terrible showing. Normal administration approach centers around getting the activity of the laborers. Then again, logical administration shows the significance of joining the activity of the laborers with new kinds of work done by the administration. This makes logical administration more proficient than the old arrangement. Logical administration approach utilizes organizers who in the end understand that partitioning work prompts better and efficient execution. The jobs performed by laborers ought to be gone before by preliminary assignments that are performed by others like chiefs. Logical administration approach holds the view that each type of work has a science behind it. A person who is most appropriate to play out a specific class of work is painstakingly chosen after the study of accomplishing the work has been created, and afterward prepared to work as per th e science. This prompts results that are obviously better than those which could be accomplished in customary administration which depends on activity and motivator.

Threat of Endangerment: The Mountain Gorilla :: essays research papers

     The mountain gorilla was first found meandering the Virunga Volcanoes in Rwanda (von Beringe, 2002, p.9). German Captain Robert von Beringe and his African officers discovered two mountain gorillas around the volcanic district on October 17, 1902 (von Beringe, 2002, p.9). Von Beringe caught and slaughtered one of them and sent the body to the Zoological Museum in Berlin, Germany. Educator Paul Matschie, who worked with the historical center, recognized the gorilla as another class and named it after its author: Gorilla beringei (von Beringe, 2002, p.10). Twenty after three years, American naturalist Carl Akeley convinced King Albert of Belgium to turn a Belgian trust an area, close to Rwanda, into a national park for the protection of mountain gorillas. The Albert National Park, later named the Virunga National Park, was the main park built up in Africa (Ngowi, 2002).      Between 1960 and 1980, American zoologists considered mountain gorillas. George Schaller went through one year doing essential investigation on the creature. Dian Fossey dedicated her life to broadly considering and ensuring mountain gorillas. Fossey moved to Rwanda to be nearer to the creatures and set up the Karisoke Research Center in 1967 (Robbins et al., 2001). She coordinated the inside for a long time, learning the propensities and picking up the acknowledgment of the mountain gorillas (Robbins et al., 2001). In 1983, she composed a book, Gorillas in the Mist, to advance open consciousness of the difficulties mountain gorillas face. Her diary was later made into a film. Her relationship with mountain gorillas and worry for their security was unrivaled. She made an association to spare gorillas in 1978 called the Digit Fund, named after a mountain gorilla Fossey was near (Robbins et al., 2001). After her secretive demise in 1985, the association changed its name to the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International. Fossey added to much comprehension of mountain gorillas.      Dian Fossey was so headed to secure mountain gorillas since they are a jeopardized species. A few dangers have shielded their populace from flourishing. One risk is malady, particularly those which people are similarly as defenseless against (Ferber, 2000). Vacationers appreciate visiting the mountains of Rwanda to respect the gorillas and support their wellbeing; be that as it may, people help put mountain gorillas in danger. In 1999, a group of analysts with the Journal of Parasitology noted roundworm parasites in the dung of mountain gorillas (Ferber, 2000). These parasites regularly have influenced just people through tainted water. Right on time, in 1988, blood and tissue tests of a few mountain gorillas demonstrated measles contamination (Ferber, 2000).

Marketing research Essay - 550 Words

Case study: Resolving Marketing Problem through Market Research (Essay Sample) Content: Student NameLecturers NameCourse Name and NumberDate SubmittedCase study: Resolving Marketing Problem through Market Research.Marketing is an important aspect of business. Enhancing marketing through research involves examining of the current business situation as well as studying the competitors and the general public (Ruzzier, Maja, Mitja, and Robert 62). A good example is the marketing research on Louis Vuitton.Mission statement: The brand shares the mission statement with other subsidiaries under LVMH, the parent company. The mission statement states that the group is to represent the most refined qualities of art de vivre around the world. It must continue to be identical with creativity and sophistication. The products and the cultural value they embody blend tradition and innovation, and kindle dream and fantasy.The companys current situation is encouraging given the fact that it is among the leading in the world; it falls on the top 30 list of brands in the wo rld. Over the last six years, the company has maintained its position at the top (Okonkwo). The fashion and design majorly relate to women attire ranging from handbags to shoes. The company mostly uses super models to market their products. Artists, musicians and great actors have been a major tool in the marketing of the brand. Apart from this strategy, other measures of marketing have been used such as billboards as well as magazines especially in multinational cities. The company sells and distributes its products through standalone boutiques, lease departments as well as e-commerce. These means help reach out to many customers thus expanding the market share. Many people love the brand thus they are loyal to the business.The main challenge that the brand is facing is the emergence of counterfeit products. Because it is among the leading and the most trusted brand, LV has experienced a lot of fake products that are designed and sold at a lower price thus making the business go do wn. This challenge proves to be difficult to control because the counterfeits are many and eliminating all of them is not possible. Measures to curb this challenge have been put in place, for example, use of lawyers to defend the brand against such counterfeits in court. Another challenge that the company has faced is being involved in court cases that they ended up losing because the court ruled in favour of the defendant.The company needs to defend its position that is not easy to retain. This means that it has to come up with measures on how to maintain the existing customer base. One of the main reasons why the customers of LV are loyal is because they offer quality and trendy designer clothes and other attires. They have also been existence for a longer period thus winning the customers trust. To increase the market share, the company may consider playing part in community projects. These are ...

Industrial Internet Research Paper - 275 Words

Industrial Internet Research Paper (Essay Sample) Content: Week 2 Research PaperName:Institution:Course:Date:The short video is all about the impact of "The internet of things," for the mankindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s future as far as the global economy is concerned. In the clip, the economist behind the cast gives an insight on the transformations that technological advancement would bring to the economy. The invention of machines that have human features of feeling, seeing, reacting and sensing so that a more efficient operation can be carried out in the industrial sector which is the backbone of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economy is the basis under which the production was one. For instance, airplaneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s parts that give and alert when there is need for servicing or wind turbines that are capable of communicating with one another so that they can generate more electricity all forecasts a future that is exciting for the entire mankind. However, the article tries to show how if the current trend continues, human labor will be soon rep laced by machinery, more so in the industrial sector. The cyber security approach that was robust and used to protect information that was sensitive and intellectual property as well as safeguarding the most critical infrastructure from cyber attacks as it is evident from the clip has taken over the economy(Annunziata, 2013).The "Industrial Internet" has certain impacts to the economy which in include, the limited intellectual growth as people now rely more on the technology thus a re not getting mor...

Shakespeare Essay example - 1453 Words

Shakespeare Who was Shakespeare? Was he a man from Stratford-Upon-Avon who started with little and became the greatest English author to ever live; or was he a privileged Earl who was a favorite at Queen Elizabeth’s court? That is the great mystery. This particular mystery is difficult to solve because of the lack of documentary evidence. The Elizabethans did not believe in getting everything in writing as people do today. Therefore, the truth may never be known with certainty. However, evidence does exist to support at least two theories about the Shakespearean authorship: one that the man from Stratford wrote the works, the other that Edward de Vere the Earl of Oxford was the author. The question then becomes, which†¦show more content†¦He then searched for a man of the same time period who met these criteria (Ogburn). The characteristics that come up again and again in the debates include: the author’s education and knowledge of the Classics, law, and Italy; and the documents and poems of the time that have survived. The most controversial and subjective argument stems from the apparent wealth of knowledge possessed by the Shakespearean author. Throughout the plays and sonnets, he makes numerous classical allusions. Oxfordians claim that the Shakespeare from Stratford (usually referred to as Shakspere in the debates) could not have possessed the necessary knowledge to draw upon these sources. Tom Bethell, another noted Oxfordian, writes that â€Å"Shakspere is not known to have attended Stratford grammar school †¦ [and] if he was a pupil, he probably was not one for long† (Bethell). However, respected Stratfordian Irvin Matus argues that no records of anyone attending the school exist before the 1800’s (Matus). He also notes that Ben Jonson, a contemporary of Shakespeare’s and a revered playwright, did not have â€Å"much more than a few years of rudimentary schooling† and that there are no attendance records for Jonson’s school before 1715 (Ma tus). On his comprehensive Stratfordian website, David Kathman asserts that â€Å"Shakespeare’s classical knowledge, while impressive by our standards, wasShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Works Of Shakespeare1126 Words   |  5 Pagesstory of the author himself; William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was born April 26, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, which is located in the United Kingdom. Even though his goals were to become an actor, he fell into writing and become one of the most well-known writers in his life. There s a lot of controversy surrounding Shakespeare and there s many people who believe that he, himself did not write his famous plays, sonnets, and poems. In his lifetime, Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven plays, five longRead More shakespeare Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pages The Discrepancies of Shakespeare nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare is a world renowned playwright. Most people could describe at least of one of his plays, poems, or sonnets. However, not many people can recall the details of his personal life. Some may know that he was married, while others believe that he gay. Since there are so many discrepancies concerning William Shakespeare, it can no longer be determined what the facts are and what is fiction. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The discrepanciesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare1735 Words   |  7 Pagesin a name? Would not a rose by any other name smell as sweet?† William Shakespeare, a name we have all heard at some point, but who is he? William Shakespeare, the man who has influenced our culture through his various literary works. What is the truth behind the brilliant man whom penned the renowned words filling the pages of the ever significant Romeo and Juliet, Much Ado About Nothing, or The Tempest? William Shakespeare was born William Shakspere. Aside from contemporary and popular beliefRead MoreShakespeare and Kingship1614 Words   |  7 PagesIn writing his history plays, Shakespeare was actually commenting on what he thought about the notion of kingship. Through his plays, he questions the divine right of kings, which the kings and the aristocracy used heavily in their favour to win the peoples love. In Macbeth, King Richard II and King Henry IV part 1, Shakespeare shows us his opinion of kingship in general. Although the plays are written about individual kings, I think that Shakespeare used the plays as an opportunity to voice hisRead MoreReligion in Shakespeare1024 Words   |  4 PagesThe religion of William Shakespeare is a subject about which very few people have a complete understanding. His plays and poems contain an almost overwhelming number of biblical references and allusions to biblical thinking, which can be seen as either Protestant or Catholic in understanding. His concealment of various understandings and interpretations of religious ideology make it difficult to ascertain his own religious beliefs, however, through further analysis of [insert names of plays], onceRead Moreâ€Å"To Be, Or Not To Be: That Is The Question:† (Shakespeare,935 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To be, or not to be: that is the question:† (Shakespeare, Hamlet 3.1.56). This is a famous quote from William Shakespeare’s famous play Hamlet. However, what inspired Shakespeare to write such a play? What inspired Shakespeare to create any of his famous works? These questions can only be answered by looking into Shakespeare’s life and the events that came to pass when he wrote his plays. Therefore William Shakespeare wrote many of his plays derived from inspiration that came from events in hisRead MoreThe Antagonist, Shakespeare1405 Words   |  6 Pagesa little curious about what leads someone to become ‘evil,’ why it is they do what they do, and so on. And considering we live in a world where right and wrong is all about perspective, well-done antagonists can be especially exciting.†(Hansen) Shakespeare develops his antagonists in a way that makes them interesting to the audience and does so especially well in his plays Othello, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, and Hamlet. Each play has an antagonist, or something near one in the case of Midsummer Night’sRead Moreshakespeare influences16068 Words   |  65 Pagesï » ¿ RESEARCH TOPIC An Analytic Review Of Shakespearean Influence On Faulkner s Tragedy RESEARCH QUESTION How Shakespeare tragic patterns influenced on William Faulkner s writings? NAME: SYEDA AMBREEN FATIMA FATHER’S NAME: SYED HASAN AKHTER SEAT NO: 1315793 ENROLMENT NO: 2013/ENG/M.A(LIT)/15681 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 28TH NOV 2013 SUBMITTED TO: MISS SAMREENRead MoreEssay on Shakespeare as a Real Man in Shakespeare in Love2553 Words   |  11 PagesShakespeare as a Real Man in Shakespeare in Love Shakespeare has been presented in myriad versions, from the traditional to the almost unrecognizable. Directors and actors have adapted him as long as his plays have been performed. Some feel that without Shakespeare ´s original poetry, audiences are robbed of the opportunity to experience the cleverness, poetry, and majesty of the language - Shakespeare ´s genius. Others feel that modern adaptations don ´t challenge viewersRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello, By William Shakespeare1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhen pairs of texts are considered together, their universal themes and ideas lead to greater understanding, appreciation and insight of both the old and the new. The texts Othello, William Shakespeare (1600) and Othello, Geoffrey Sax (2001), ring true for this statement. Despite the differing contexts and ages, the universal themes of racism and betrayal bring new meaning to each of the texts. The primary meaning from the juxtaposition of the two is that of the human condition, and how the problems

Questions On Some Interviewing Tips - 1050 Words

Some Interviewing Tips: 1. Identify yourself and make sure the person you are interviewing is at ease and comfortable. 2. The respondent’s reaction often mirrors that of the interviewer. The respondent will know if you are not comfortable. Your pleasant, positive, well-informed approach will be reflected in the interviewees readiness to respond. 3. If you want more detailed responses to your questions, reinforce those kinds of answers—say, â€Å"Yes,† â€Å"Okay,† or â€Å"I see,† or nod. Do not use the same reinforces for unresponsive answers, using same reinforces for unresponsive answers gives the wrong signal. 4. To teach and motivate the respondent, use feedback expressions like these: â€Å"Thanks, this is the sort of information we’re looking for in this research.† â€Å"it’s important to us to get this information.† â€Å"These details are helpful.† â€Å"It’s useful to get your ideas (your opinion) on this.† â€Å"I see; that’s useful information.† â€Å"Let me get that down.† 5. Often repeat the question or give a pause –maybe an expectant look or nod of the head, if possible- repeat, summarize, or reflect the feeling tone of the reply. Say: â€Å"Anything else?† â€Å"How do you mean?† â€Å"Could you be more specific about it?† â€Å"I’m not sure I know what you mean by that (bewildered look).† â€Å"Could you tell me a little more specific?† However, u should not overuse these, or the respondent will think you cannot recognize a valid answer. 6. Where examining recall, use probes that give memory cues of items likely to beShow MoreRelatedA Reflection On Social Cognition999 Words   |  4 Pagesconsideration. The other person can mimic the interviewer to some degree with basic interviewing questions. Appropriate dressing for the type of workplace it is. If the workplace is a gym for personal training interview then it could be a matter of showing physique in a casual way or a bank as a loan officer and should be a business suit. For women, usually the guidelines are just staying appropriate for the occasion and sticking to casual blouses. Another tip would be punctuality, and to avoid the situationRead MoreUnderstanding The 10 Principles Of Listening825 Words   |  4 Pageswebsite with tips on how to develop the skill is: http://www.negotiations.com/articles/negotiating-skills/. The skill of giving and receiving feedback is the act of discussing performance, providing suggestions, and discussing goals. Communicating proper feedback is useful in business due to the fact that it can lead to great performance. Employees are able to see in what ways they are performing well and what areas they need to improve on as an example. (â€Å"Giving Feedback†, n.d.). Tips on how to giveRead MoreAn Interview With Ms. Jamila Corria On Her Duties As An Academic Achievement Program995 Words   |  4 Pagesinterviewer you may also want to watch some of the nonverbal keys the interviewee may be giving you so you can gain a full grasp on how the interviewee may truly feel on a subject. In the video by Joni Daniels she gives some keys tips to keep in mind while conducting an interview. Her first step would be to interview someone you find interesting and may even be able to a future connection so you are gaining information while also making connections. Joni’s o ther key tips as an interviewer are to be professionalRead MoreJob Interview Questions and Sample Answers1444 Words   |  6 Pageswww.InterviewAdvisers.com Secrets to Help You to Get Hired in Your Next Job Interview. Start Now! The Best Interview Answer CareerConfidential.com/FreeEbook Answers Top 50 Interview Questions DownLoad Free Ebook Now. See More About job interview questions and answers job interviews interview questions job interview tips Ads How To Speak English DoTellAll.com Learn About How To Speak English. Become A Smarter Savvier Shopper. Automated HotBlock Sample www.qtechcorp.com Prep for AA/ICP/MS with PerchloricRead MoreInterpersonal Skills : Definitions And Usage Examples For Business Settings954 Words   |  4 Pageswith confidence, instructing others on what needs to be done.† (Lombardo n.d.) Use in Business: Assertiveness can be effective when proposing a new concept to peers and superiors in a business meeting, especially when said new concept is met with some resistance. Additionally, in a dispute, negotiation, or debate in the workplace (e.g. between peers, between worker and supervisor, etc.) defending one’s personal perspective on the matter (e.g. fending off an accusation, supporting or opposing aRead MorePersonal Values Centered On The Right Person For The Job904 Words   |  4 Pagesemployee, and used as an exit interview prior to an employee leaving an organization. (Roussel, 2011) During the interview, the following should be used: 1. Use plain and direct language rather than technical, professional, or slang terms 2. Keep questions short 3. Use familiar illustrations 4. Do not assume that the person being interviewed knows what you mean or are saying. Check the extent of the interviewee’s knowledge beforehand (Roussel, 2011, pg. 190) Reference: Roussel, L. (2011). ManagementRead MorePolice Investigation1304 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice System to investigate and prosecute such criminals. Many concerns in conducting the various types of investigations has always been the legality of the â€Å"how’s†, â€Å"who’s† and â€Å"when’s†. The collecting of physical and DNA evidence, Interviewing of witnesses and the various types of surveillances used all fall into a closely watched category within the investigation process. Not only is it imperative that all types of investigations are done correctly but the ultimate goal of a successfulRead MoreInterview With Broadcast Journalism Professionals1458 Words   |  6 Pagesscenes there is a lot going on, whether it be with the camera crew, radio stations, TV, editors, or producers. Everyone always has something new to do because there are always daily things happening that they need to cover. Cristina not only gave me some background information about the business, but also took me on a tour of the studio to learn about what goes on behind the cameras. I saw several on the run reporters covering local stories, reporters editing, filming news and the producer’s crew puttingRead MoreEssay On Convention Evaluation946 Words   |  4 Pagesspeaker showed us examples of the things designers should avoid when designing. During this session, the speaker gave us ten tips to use while setting the layout of the document and he also provided us with examples of award-winning newspapers that were proficient, clear, and artistic due to their superior layouts and designs. At the end of this session, we critiqued some newspapers in the room. The Navigator was critiqued, and I was taught the importance of headlines and how to do them. On ThursdayRead MoreInterpersonal Skills Are The Lifeblood Of An Efficient Business1051 Words   |  5 PagesI sincerely feel interpersonal skills are the lifeblood of an efficient business. In the sections to follow I hope to shed some light on many of these skills and prove how important they are in business; Listening According to skillsyouneed.com, Listening is the ability accurately to receive and interpret messages in the communication process. â€Å" (listening skills ). This may sound as a passive skill however it is far from it. A good listener is actively involved in trying to understand the information

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1100 Words

â€Å"Give me your tired, your poor, you huddled masses yearning to breathe free,† reads the statue of liberty. This is what our country should base our ideals and the way people are treated upon. Based on excerpts from Mark Twain’s â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†, â€Å" The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglas,† â€Å"We Treat Racism† â€Å"Donald Trump’s Call to Ban Muslim Immigrants,† â€Å"Donald Trump’s False Comments Connecting Mexican Immigrants and Crime,† and Ava DuVernay’s â€Å"Selma†. It has become very obvious that racism still exists because of social oppression, mass discrimination, and the stereotypes that have been placed on people of color to this day. Stereotypes contribute to racism because the can influence racist behavior. In Mark twain’s â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† Huck questions his actions because society has told him that Jim is nothing more than a pie ce of property. He struggles with this idea and eventually sees humanity in Jim and does the right thing. This is the first instance where we see empathy towards slaves in literature. In â€Å"The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglas† Douglas contradicts black stereotypes by writing an eloquent narrative to prove that all blacks aren’t uneducated or illiterate. In the film â€Å"Birth of a Nation† that was made in 1915, we see white men in blackface portraying blacks as animals, and lusting after white women. This example creates and adds to a black stereotype that is still embedded in our nation. This film and other mediaShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Rhetorical Analysis Of The Letter From Birmingham Jail

Newspapers have since become an exceptionally poor means of reaching a motivated audience that can justly enforce change. Social media has the capability to uphold a broader grasp of an audience that encompasses forwardness. Furthermore, the use of an Internet platform, such as Facebook, to present the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† would have accelerated a positive outcome to the brutality of Birmingham by broadening the audience without differentiating the rhetorical situation. Subsequently, the rhetorical situation of the publication via the Internet would remain only partially similar to the original copy. The intentions or purpose of the document, the author, and the physical text would remain as they had been. Yet, the audience and†¦show more content†¦King’s text is recited to a social media platform. Catering towards the emotions and morals of Internet users has a remarkable influence on the level of affliction that people feel towards a subject. S uch as the inclusion of how the protestors, including Dr. King, were peaceful in their endeavors, yet received very harsh treatment. Ironically, foundation of opinions that social media has diverged into has actually made it remarkably easier to sway the views of others. Humoring the morals and feelings of an audience would be made more malleable when topped with undeniable facts; such as the number of arrested peaceful protesters or the amount of people who were injured due to police brutality. In alliance with modern means, the unintended audience would remain the same although the multitude of such would vastly differ. With the aid of the connections that are endlessly present through platforms, the audience would be on a much larger scale than was anticipated when the letter was originally written. Due to the greatly increased extent of viewers, the positive effects of the letter would occur in a more significant and quickened manor. For example, with the catering of arguments t owards a newer generation, the wild fire of opinions and actions for aid would result within minutes of the post being published. Furthermore, the use of Facebook’s text-box posting would ensure that the words of Dr.Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1052 Words   |  5 Pagesracial discrimination is? A Rhetorical Analysis of Letter From Birmingham Jail It is known to all that Martin Luther King is a famous person in America, who strongly goes against the racial discrimination all the time. Here, in this letter, Letter from Birmingham Jail, it is easy for us to realize that racial discrimination appears and the non-violence action is still serious at that time. As a matter of fact, this letter is coming from the people in the Birmingham jail, stating their inner thoughtsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Letter from Birmingham Jail1517 Words   |  7 PagesDevin Ponder Eng291-001 13 September 2013 Rhetorical Analysis Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† by Martin Luther King, Jr., is a letter in which King is writing to his â€Å"fellow clergymen† in a response to their recent criticism of the actions he was leading in Birmingham at the time. The letter was written in April of 1963, a time when segregation was essentially at a peak in the south. Birmingham, in particular, is described by King as â€Å"probablyRead MoreSummary and Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†1708 Words   |  7 PagesSummary and Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested on April 12, 1963, in Birmingham, for protesting without a permit. The same day that King was arrested, a letter was written and signed by eight clergymen from Birmingham and titled â€Å"A Call for Unity†. The letter called for ending demonstrations and civil activities and indicated King as an â€Å"outsider†. On April 16, 1963, King responded to their letter with his own call, which has come toRead Moreâ€Å"Letters from a Birmingham Jail† Analysis of the Rhetorical Appeals1182 Words   |  5 Pagesthis when he wrote an open letter while in his jail cell after a peaceful debate against segregation. His lettered response was guided at a statement by eight white Alabama clergymen saying that segregation should be fought in court and not on the streets. King uses a combination of three rhetorical appeals to accomplish his rhetor; ethical, logical and emotional. The three appeals used together successfully persuade t he audience to believe King’s argument. The rhetorical trinity consists of threeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1665 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† is a great example of an effective and cleverly written response by a complex but yet sophisticated leader of our time. It was written in response to an editorial addressing the issue of Negro demonstrations and segregation in Alabama at the time. He delivers the message in a way with sneaky superiority. He is inviting and open allowing the clergymen to feel as though they have contributed and will contribute. He is not condescending or belittlingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail837 Words   |  4 PagesIn the midst of the Civil Rights movement, Doctor Martin Luther King, Jr. found himself in a jail cell in Birmingham, Alabama, one of the most segregated cities in the United States at the time. While in that jail cell, King wrote Letter from Birmingham Jail in resp onse to the city’s religious leaders. Through his use of ethos, pathos, and logos, King made a thought-provoking and powerful argument for the Civil Rights movement which continues to inspire change in the hearts of his audience, bothRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis1136 Words   |  5 PagesKing Jr.’s Letter from the Birmingham Jail, he addresses eight white clergymen who fill his desk with disagreements and criticism of his acts of attempting to abolish segregation. To give a better understanding to his audience he correlates his speech with religion, signifying himself to be similar to the Apostle Paul, while speaking up about the injustice being done in Birmingham. Martin Luther King Jr. speaks strongly about being unable to stand back and watch the disputes in Birmingham unravel.Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1281 Words   |  6 Pagesam in Birmingham because injustice is here† (King 1). Martin Luther Kin g Jr. is here to solve the racists issues and he says that in this quote. The way Doctor King protests inequality in the south should be acceptable and just. However, the white churchgoers and public officials somehow find a fault in King’s actions. I believe King did a great job in attempting not to offend anyone. All he was doing was trying to be the voice African American’s needed. In â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† KingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1178 Words   |  5 Pagesinjustice. During the 1960s when he wrote his â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, segregation was a major controversy. There was a divide between African Americans and white Americans with racism and prejudice being very prevalent throughout this era. Public places, like restaurants and bathrooms, were being split up into sections based on race. As a nonviolent protester, King frequented in silent marches through southern cities, especially Birmingham, Alabama. The goal was to act in a nonviolentRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis961 Words   |  4 Pages1. In his letter from Birmingham jail, Martin Luther King Jr., a civil right activist a Baptist Minister and the creator of â€Å"In Letter from Birmingham jail.† King uses concepts of logos, pathos, and ethos to convey his points. Racial tension was high during Martin Luther King’s time, and he was the voice of the black community. He articulated his words carefully and had use methods of civil disobedience to convey his point. One of the first appeals he makes in his letter is from a logos perspective

Greasy Lake free essay sample

There comes a time in every young mans life for him to break a barrier of reality to go from invincibility to mortality. They have to take that leap forward gradually, but as they do they will make mistakes along the way and have to learn from the bad ones. The short story â€Å"Greasy Lake† by T. Coraghessan Boyle is about three young men who have to break that barrier of reality in one horrible night by making mistake after mistake, only they have to learn from their mistakes quickly or they wont get out of their bad situation. There are two different symbols, themes, and characters that have meaning to it in this story. The symbols are the key being lost, and the water itself signifies a rebirth. The themes that are seen in this story are that the point of view was told from an older person looking back at his younger years and that he would have to learn from the mistakes of the past. The characters that have meanings to them are the main character and Bobby (the bad guy). Three wanna be bad characters made their main mistake of the night by driving out to Greasy Lake, a place everyone went to hang out. When they arrived they saw what appeared to be their friends car parked so they began flashing their headlights and honking the horn. When the main character gets out of the car he drops the key to the car and there is a dramatic feeling that comes over him, Boyle really explains it well when the character explains how he feels at that moment. The first mistake, the one that opened the whole floodgate, was losing my grip on the keys. In the excitement, leaping from the car with the gin in one hand and a roach clip in the other, I spilled them in the grass-in the dark, rank, mysterious nighttime grass of Greasy Lake. This was tactical error, as damaging and irreversible in its way as Westmorelands decision to dig in at Khe Sanh. I felt it like a jab of intuition, and I stopped there by the open door, peering vaguely into the night that puddled up round my feet. Boyle is showing how the character is worried that the keys are lost in the dark, rank, mysterious nighttime grass and its going to be hard to find them if at all in that and its all his fault that they wont be able to escape the fate they are about to encounter. In Michael Walkers article about the symbol of losing the key he explains how it was,†this [loss of the car keys] was a tactical error, as damaging and irreversible†(3). He also explains how Boyle compares the loss of the keys in the dirty water and the dark night as being in the Vietnam War(3). The character could have at least tried to find the keys, but instead he went to mess with the guy he thought was his friend in the car, they all got into a fight with this bad guy who gets out of the car. The main character hits the guy over the head with a tire iron and they all think he is dead. They all three attempt raping the bad characters girlfriend until a car pulls up,they run to the car until they remember the keys are still lost. Then they are all on their own. The consequence the main character has to overcome is him running and hiding from the people who came upon him and his friends as they were raping the bad characters girlfriend. The Greasy Lake, although it was filled with insects, and foul odors. Although thinking they wouldnt find him there, he ran knee deep into the Greasy Lake. MaterplotsII explains, â€Å"narrators submersion into the lake, in his fear and guilt, amounts to a ritual baptism; the fetid waters are appropriate to his â€Å"†filthy†Ã¢â‚¬  moral condition†(2). The water and being baptized can mean being a new person in religious terms if you go to church it means your no longer with sin, so when he bumps into the dead body the meaning is for him to see death, and when he goes under water he comes up a new person reborn. Although while in the water he overhears the bad character he thought he killed by hitting over the head with a tire iron; get up and threaten to come and find him and his friends, but instead the bad character (Bobby) demolishes his (main characters) mothers car. The whole time the main haracter stays hiding in the disgusting waters of the Greasy Lake. Thinking back once again if he wouldnt have lost the keys his â€Å"grail and salvation†(MasterplotsII). A lot of times older people will tell stories from their childhood of how they did so many foolish things and had such fun doing them that sometimes they get carried away with their stories and will take them out of context, for example in Masterplots II it says, â€Å"Were it not for the storys obvious dual point of view- an older, mature narrator looking back at his foolish ounger self†(2). The only way to learn from mistakes is to make them, and then learn from them. In this story its clear that it is being told by an older more mature adult that has already learned quite a few things from no doubt some of their mistakes, in Greasy Lake it seems as though this guy goes through mistake after mistake. First he looses his car key, then gets kicked in the face, tries to rape a girl, runs into the dirty lake where he bumps into a dead corpse, but from the time he goes under the water he seems to come up a different person. He has learned something from all his trouble, he doesnt want to act bad anymore by getting out of the water to fight the bad guy (Bobby), he stays in the water until he hears him leave, even though he hears him wrecking his mothers car. Then when he realizes he is not a bad character, its clear to come out he realizes it is dawn and the light reveals the key that was lost, they rejected the drugs that were offered to them, showing some sort of sign that they are not such bad characters anymore, then they get into the main characters moms car realizing that the bad guy (Bobby), could have totally demolished the car then they would have never been able to have left the Greasy Lake, so they were overjoyed. The two main characters that have symbolic meanings are the narrator and the bad guy (Bobby). The narrator is looking back from his older, more mature age. His inflated, often ironic rhetoric heightens the storys humor. Despite its many slapstick elements, the incident serves as a kind of initiation rite for the participants. After a series of stupid mistakes, the narrator comes close to actually being the â€Å"bad character† he only previously mimicked: Then stumbling through the stagnant water, the narrator discovers the body of a drowned biker, an experience he describes as one of lifes inescapable â€Å"nasty little epiphanies† (Literature Resource Center). Which he lives in this one night of mistakes and he experiences his own maturity toward adulthood. Bobby is the â€Å"quintessential†(2) bad guy in the story. He is a, â€Å"big, greasy thug who favors expletives. His shiftless brawn, mask-like face, and steel-toe boots make him a terrifying opponent† (2). Even thought he gets hit with the tire-iron he somehow gets up off the ground, composes himself, and manages to keep his â€Å"bad guy† image by demolishing the car that belonged to the narrators mom. Only after he realizes he cant get his hands on the narrator to hurt him, he decides to demolish the car instead thinking he will leave them there stranded. And so these three young men have to endure many difficult incidents beginning with the narrator loosing the key to the car, then getting into the â€Å"murky† and â€Å"fetid† water of Greasy Lake. This story showed a dual point of view, being told a more mature, older narrator, as he looked back from his younger years describing this one night as a, â€Å"initiation ritual† (Masterplots II) or a, â€Å"dark night of the soul,† in religious terms. Masterplots II is saying that they have grown since the beginning of the night, become more mature. Masterplots II also explains the theme as being summarized by, â€Å"Through suffering comes wisdom. This story has a lot of support of this as the narrator is constantly making mistake after mistake, so therefore he is being punished, then after he gets out of the water, he is like new, the sun comes up. He finds the key he dropped, rejected the offer of drugs he is actually showing the responsibilities of an adult. He also realizes they can drive home because Bobby didnt slash the tires on his moms car. The narrator is probably so confused at the end of the story, not knowing if he should be excited he is finally growing up or dreading what his mother will say when he arrives with her car totally demolished.

Challenger Case Study free essay sample

On the fateful morning of January 26, 1988, the challenger shuttle broke up and burst into flames within 73 seconds of lift off. Many factors have to be considered when trying to figure out the cause of this disaster, and also how it could have been avoided. Poor communication between NASA managers, Thiokol managers, and Thiokol engineers played a major role in aiding this disaster. For a shuttle to be cleared for take off even when a lot of odds were against its successful liftoff shows that it was being run and monitored with a flawed system. This case study will be analyzed from the primary stakeholders perspective. It will go in depth into the cause of the disaster, both technical and ethical, how these problems can be fixed to prevent a reoccurrence, who the stakeholders are in the project and how they were affected by the disaster. The primary stakeholders include, but are not limited to, the astronauts, their families, the managers, the engineers at both NASA and Morton Thiokol, and the government. We will write a custom essay sample on Challenger Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These entities are primary stakeholders because they were all directly involved with the mission in some way. The astronauts put their lives on the line; their families were also affected by the loss of a loved one in the disaster. Also, the managers and engineers at both NASA and Morton Thiokol are stakeholders because they were directly involved with the design, communications, and decision making prior to the launch. A lot of credibility was lost from both organizations after the disaster. Lastly, the government is a stakeholder because they invested heavily in the project There were various technical problems that mounted up to cause the challenger space shuttle disaster. The central technical problem was with the O-ring seal, which failed at lift off. Upon failure, pressurized hot gas was able to escape into the SRB attachment hardware and external fuel tank. Thereafter, the right-hand SRB’s aft attachment and the structural failure of the external tank were separated. Aerodynamic forces were then easily able to break up the orbiter. Lastly, the unavailability of an escape system didn’t give the astronauts the option of ejecting from the shuttle after it disintegrated. The managers at NASA knew years earlier about the flaws in the design of the SRB’s O-rings but never paid any attention to the issue. The technical problems could have been solved, and the crash averted is the O-rings had been redesigned as soon as the flaws were noticed. Also, an escape system should have been incorporated into the shuttle design just incase a mission has to be aborted after lift off. Lastly, it wouldn’t have hurt if a third O-ring was implemented. There were various ethical problems in this case which include the NASA managers failure to address the deficiencies in the SRB’s design, NASA managers non-chalant attitude about the engineers’ concerns, NASA managers hoarding of information from their superior managers and flaws in the decision making process at NASA The central ethical problem is the flawed decision making at NASA. This is the central ethical problem because the disaster was caused by the decision made to clear the shuttle for lift off even when there were technical concerns. This disaster could have been averted if engineers at Thiokol had communicated their concerns more effectively to their Managers, who in turn will communicate to the NASA managers on how the design specifications of the O-ring would not be able to accommodate take off at such a low temperature. Furthermore, information should have been passed on to upper level management at NASA as soon as the lower level managers learnt of the technical concerns, and maybe a decision would have been made to reschedule the lift off. The managers’ disregard for the engineers concerns shows their disregard for human life. The least they could have done was to notify the astronauts on the technical concerns of the Thiokol engineers. Improving communication between NASA managers, engineers, and superiors was the solution to the ethical problems. Lower level managers should have been willing to listen to the technical concerns of subordinate engineers. Lastly, safety and well-being should have been made a top priority instead of eagerness to launch. The IEEE code of ethics applies directly to the central ethical problems. The first principle states that one has â€Å"to accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment. † This principle was totally ignored by the managers at NASA. How can they be concerned about the welfare of the public when they aren’t even concerned of the welfare of their own? There was no reason why the space shuttle crew and higher-level management were not be notified of the technical concerns of the Thiokol engineers and the potential implications of the space shuttle take off. Also the IEEE code of ethics states that one has â€Å"to seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, and to credit properly the contributions of others. † In this case, the NASA managers ignored the technical expertise and concerns contributed by the Thiokol engineers. The managers didn’t even see the concerns as being critical enough for upper level management to be aware of them. By application of these principles, the concerns of the engineers would have been accepted, the astronauts and upper level management would have been kept up to speed on the development, shuttle lift-off would have been rescheduled, and lives would have been preserved. The central technical problem is related to the ethical problems in this case because these problems all contributed, one way or the other, to the disaster that occurred. The central technical problem could have been fixed though, if good engineering ethical standards were followed and the NASA space crew wasn’t pressured into a launch of doom. The secondary stakeholders in this case are the general public, other employees of the organizations involved, and the future astronauts. The public is considered a secondary stakeholder because their taxes are used to fund space shuttle projects just like this one. Other employees at NASA and Morton Thiokol who weren’t directly involved with the project are also secondary stakeholders because they are affiliated with the organizations involved. Lastly, school students are secondary stakeholders because they are the future astronauts, managers and decision makers. This mission serves as a learning experience for them. In conclusion, with all the concerns expressed prior to the lift off of the challenger on that fateful day, it should never have been allowed to lift off. In the future, better communication methods need to be implemented between NASA managers at all levels and the engineers they have contractual agreements with. Prompt and decisive actions should also be taken as soon as deficiencies are noticed in systems designs. Whistle blowing should be encouraged whenever an employee notices unethical methods being utilized by their peers or superiors. Also, major ethical decisions should never be made without getting the approval of upper level management. There is no reason why technical concerns relating to an event as important as a space shuttle launch shouldn’t be available to upper management. If better decisions had been made, the crew, which includes the schoolteacher, would still be alive today.

What Is The Definition Of Marriage Essays - Marriage,

What Is The Definition Of Marriage? What is the definition of marriage? What is marriage? In Webster's Dictionary marriage is defined as the institution whereby men and women are joined in special kind of social and legal dependence for the purpose of founding and maintaining a family. The definition states ?a man and a woman not a man and a man?. Some people believe same gender marriages should be allowed. But right now the law doesn't allow same gender marriages. I guess only time will tell if that law will ever change. Marriage has always been an evolving institution, bent and shaped by the historical moment and the needs and demands of its participants (Johnson 266). The Romans recognized the phenomenon we call ?falling in love,? but they considered it a hindrance to the establishment of stable households (266). Marriages certified by the state had their foundations not in religion or romance but in pragmatics-e.g., the joining of socially prominent households (266). At the beginning of the thirteenth century, facing schisms and heresies, and seeking to consolidate its power, the Catholic Church institutionalized marriage, confirming it as a sacrament and requring that a priest officiate-a crucial step in the intrusion of organized religion into what had previously been a private transaction (266). So instead of just having any person marry a couple you now have to have a priests officiate the couple. This is another issue that makes a marriage more difficult besides the gender issue. To be an official marriage a couple must have a license and the right person to perform the wedding, like a justice of the peace or a priests. Throughout the U.S. same-gender marriages are illegal. The state of Hawaii tried recently to allow these marriages. However, Congress overwhelmingly passed the Defense of Marriage Act. This act undercut Hawaii's effort and made it practically useless. The Defense of Marriage Act permitted states not to recognize same-gender marriages performed in other states. There is a separation between church and state in this country (Sullivan 260). Andrew Sullivan states ?we are asking only that when the government gives out civil marriage licenses, those of us who are gay should be treated like anybody else? (260). Many people just don't believe marriage should be between two people of the same sex. Throughout history marriage has always been between a man and a woman and that's the way many want to keep it. Many people believe that gay marriage would cause the American family to break down. Others say they are citizens just like you and me and deserve equal rights. Lisa Bennett poses the issue like this: What the people who have the power to rule on same-sex marriage know of a relationship like mine, I cannot say. I know they claim that our marriage would make a mockery of theirs; they warn that our families would cause the decline of the American family; and they label our love immoral, disgusting, even dangerous. The shocking thing is that before I knew what it meant to fall in love with a person of the same sex, I might have agreed with them. But now, having been on both sides of the fence. I know that to understand a life that is different from the life lived by most people takes time-and an open mind.Like everybody else I know I want to get married because I was raised to believe that marriage is how we best honor a lifelong relationship. I want to feel the support from the family and society that marriage brings. And I want people tp know they can not interfere: Love is love, In whatever shape it comes, it deserves respect. Throughout history marriage is believed to be a union between two people. These two people have always been a man and a woman. Not a man and another man, or a woman and another woman. This belief has been challenged in recent years because many people believe it's time for a change. They feel that if you are in love the same gender issue should not matter. It's going to take many more years I believe for the laws to change. People in this day and age just are not ready for same

The Earthquakes of 1811 and 1812 in the Mississippi River Valley

The Earthquakes of 1811 and 1812 in the Mississippi River Valley When one thinks of earthquakes, the Mississippi river valley (MRV), does notfrequently come to mind. One usually thinks of one of California's numerous faults orsomewhere in Alaska. However, little known to the general public, there were twomassive earthquakes in the MRV, which rank among the top three in the contiguousUnited States and in the top ten for the entire United States (http://wwwneic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/bigten.lis). Starting in the early morning hours of December 16,1811 a violent shaking of the earth began, which continued on for three months,producing two of the three largest quakes in the contiguous US, this particular quakeregistered an 8.0 in magnitude on the Richter scale. There was a second quake onFebruary 7, 1812 which registered 8.2 (http://wwwneic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/bigten.lis).The plate which is responsible for this activity is named the New Madrid Seismiczone, it is named for the only populated city that was in existence in the time and the areaof these earthquakes, New Madrid, Missouri.Mississippi HoneyThe New Madrid Seismic zone lies in thecentral MRV, starting in southern Illinois and ending in southeast Missouri, westernTennessee.Usually an earthquake consists of a principal shock and then the aftershocks, the1811-1812 earthquakes didn't follow the usual pattern. There was the first primary shock,at and then it's aftershocks, however the aftershocks from the first quake hadn't subsidedbefore the second principal shock hit. Following suite, the aftershocks from the secondquake had not terminated when the third and largest principal shock hit (eas.slu.edu/Earthquake_Center/Nuttli.1973/intensity.html). It is difficult to gage the actualintensity of the earthquakes due to the lack of technology, however, the strength can beestimated by the damage caused by the quakes and also by the journals of the peoplesettling this part of the country. Fortunately, a...

Summarize William Paley's argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summarize William Paley's argument - Essay Example He illustrates this through an examination of a watch. While taking a leisurely walk and one finds a stone and a watch on the ground, an examiner may be curious about those objects. He may think that the stone had been there forever because it was nature’s design, but the watch may have been there due to human intervention. This may get him to focus on the watch, which is a far more valuable thing than the insignificant stone. The watch, so carefully designed, had been created with a specific purpose, and being found on the ground may seem to be an unlikely circumstance since it does not belong there. Paley so meticulously describes each part of the watch to show that its interconnection with the other parts was intended, so that the whole system could work. Had one part stop working, then the whole thing would be worthless. In examining the watch, so many questions may come to mind, such as why it was created, who was behind the creation and for whom and for what purpose it w as created other than the obvious reason of telling time. Paley first argues that so much more can come out of one’s examination of the watch that it brings about more appreciation to the examiner. He may marvel at the genius behind its creation, taking notice that the creator is one of a kind to have crafted such a machine. He may even be humbled to know that he himself is unable to come up with a fraction of the idea of a watch! The existence whoever or whatever created that watch whether he is still living or have died in the distant past now becomes more concrete to Paley. On his second argument, he admits to the fallibility of the watch, that even with the best intentions of the creator to make it work efficiently at all times, it may still be vulnerable to defects. However, it does not lessen the examiner’s appreciation of such a gadget. He also argued that because of the intricate design of the watch there may be parts that could be missed in the examination, or parts that may still be in need of clarification as to its role in making the watch work. Not knowing about these details does not invalidate the examiner’s belief that all parts, including the unknown ones, work together harmoniously in contributing to the efficiency of the watch. Another argument Paley made was that the existence of the watch in the place found must have followed an order that caused it to land where it is which the watchmaker may not even be aware of. All the thinking that the examination of the watch entails can make the examiner wonder if it was placed there on purpose for him to think deeply, but Paley argues that it would be realized that there was no contrivance on that matter, but the curious nature of the watch’s existence in the particular situation was inherently bound to make one think deeply about it. Paley goes on to explain the â€Å"metallic nature† of the watch. No matter how overwhelming the watch and its inner workings is, i ts existence should just be accepted as a usual occurrence. Confident as the examiner may be with his knowledge of the world, examination of the watch may make him conclude that he does not and cannot know everything. Paley concludes that there are things in this world that the examiner will never know nor understand no matter how hard he tries, and he

Software to Support Assessment of the Comprehensive Classroom Essay

Software to Support Assessment of the Comprehensive Classroom Technology Plan - Essay Example I am supposed to click to and fro through many pages. I am forced to look at pictures of commodities whether I want to or not, whilst attempting to find the product that I need. As a student, I am bound to figure out that the design of this website is flat. Whilst the criteria are split into sub-segments, these sub-segments are not visually identified in navigation. Therefore, in the organization platform section, there is not a single item in the look of the course-plotting links to inform the student that all administration platforms are a different sub-segment from other types of administration platforms. Additionally, varying commodities exhibited and sold on this website are supposed to be the leading items even if it means navigating through this website through the â€Å"all† criterion. Every sub-segment is supposed to have its individual color piece so that it is distinct where the student is on the website (Williams, Boone and Kingsley, 2004, p. 213). Adding a â€Å" quick search† section would enable a student to simply list all commodities or services on one page. Utilizing the uncomplicated visual technology, it is likely to have the picture for every commodity come forth when the cursor is moved above the product. Visual recognition is still existent. The stocking of the commodity is slow and makes the impression of a heavy site. Is a student looks at the home page of a commodity’s criterion; there is a huge chance that they will look at the following page. Consequently, preloading the pictures for the following pages in the background will be helpful. Such an approach will make the pictures appear on the following pages. The commodity data is surrounded by exceedingly additional visual dialogue. It is similar to attempting to hear trades tone in a noisy room. The segment that deals with the number of people who purchased a certain commodity is very busy and distracts new students (Williams,

Cooper Industries -Case Study Essay Example for Free

Cooper Industries -Case Study Essay Cooper Industries was organized in 1919 as a manufacturer of heavy machinery and equipment. By the mid-1950s it was a leading producer of engines and massive compressors used to force naturalgas through pipelines and oil out of wells. Management was concerned, however, over its heavy dependence on sales to the oil and gas industries and the violent fluctuation of earnings caused bythe cyclical nature of heavy machinery and equipment sales. Although the companys long-term salesand earnings growth had been above average, its cyclical nature had dampened Wall Streets interestin the stock substantially. (Coopers historical operating results and financial condition aresummarized in Exhibits 1 and 2.) Initial efforts to lessen the earnings volatility were not successful. Between 1959 and 1966, Cooperacquired (1) a supplier of portable industrial power tools, (2) a manufacturer of small industrial airand process compressors, (3) a maker of small pumps and compressors for oil field applications, and(1) a producer of tire-changing tools for the automotive market. The acquisitions broadened Coopersmarkets but left it still highly sensitive to general economic conditions. In 1966 Cooper began a full review of its acquisition strategy. After several months of study, threecriteria were established for all acquisitions. First, the industry should be one in which Cooper couldbecome a major factor. This requirement was in line with managements goal of leadership within afew distinct areas of business. Second, the industry should be fairly stable, with a broad market forthe products and a product line of small ticket items. This product definition was intended toeliminate any company that had undue profit dependence on a single customer or several large salesper year. Finally, it was decided to acquire only leading companies in their respective marketsegments. This new strategy was initially implemented with the acquisition in 1967 of the Lufkin RuleCompany, the worlds largest manufacturer of measuring rules and tapes. Cooper acquired a qualityproduct line, an established distribution system of 35,000 retail hardware stores throughout theUnited Slates, and plants in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. It also gained the services  ofWilliam Rector, president of Lufkin, and Hal Stevens, vice president of sales. Both were extremely knowledgeable in the hand tool business and had worked together effectively for years. Their goalwas to build through acquisition a hand tool company with a full product line that would use acommon sales and distribution system and joint advertising. To do this they needed Coopersfinancial strength. Lufkin provided a solid base to which two other companies were added. In 1969 the CrescentNiagara Corporation was acquired. The company had been highly profitable in the early 1960s butsuffered in recent years under the mismanagement of some investor-entrepreneurs who gainedcontrol in 1963. A series of acquisitions of weak companies with poor product lines eroded Crescentsoverall profitability until, in 1967, a small loss was reported. Discouraged, the investors wanted to getout, and Cooper—eager to add Crescents well-known and high-quality wrenches, pliers, andscrewdrivers to its line—was interested. It was clear that some of Crescents lines would have to bedropped and inefficient plants would have to be closed, but the wrenches, pliers, and screwdriverswould play an important part of Coopers product policy. In 1970, Cooper further expanded into hand tools with the acquisition of the Weller ElectricCorporation. Weller was the worlds leading supplier of soldering tools to the industrial, electronic,and consumer markets. It provided Cooper with a new, high-quality product line and productioncapacity in England, West Germany, and Mexico. (Information on the three acquisitions is providedin Exhibit 3.) Cooper was less successful in its approach to a fourth company in the hand tool business, theNicholson File Company. Nicholson was on the original shopping list of acceptable acquisitioncandidates that Mr. Cizik and Mr. Rector had developed, but several attempts to interest Nicholson inexploring merger possibilities had failed. The Nicholson family had controlled and managed thecompany since its founding in 1864, and Paul Nicholson, chairman of the board, had no interest injoining forces with anyone.

eBay :: essays research papers

eBay’s Global Community   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I read through some of the discussion threads of eBay sellers, I realized how technology has allowed us to form international community of consumers with established rules and regulations. Doing business through eBay still seems a little risky but the fact that the majority of people still live ethically has allowed e-bay to succeed. Like in every society there are people that still try to circumvent the system and will try to get away with unethical activities. Through the discussion forum, eBay sellers have established an environment in which anyone can communicate the problems they have encountered and ask for advice for handling those situations. Sellers also have the option to offer suggestions on how to make the selling process better. Some of the issues that I found interesting in nature were how e-bay sellers handle non-paying bidders, feedback concerns, and international selling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The hot topic that I found in many discussion threads was the issue with non-paying bidders. This problem makes it difficult for sellers to continue selling with confidence and it also makes it hard for new sellers to start selling. Non-paying bidders also prevent honest bidders from actually purchasing the item. This also forces the seller to place the item on auction again, incur a re-listing fee, and they may not also get the high bid that they had the first time. It also causes retaliatory negative feedback from the non-buyer to the seller. The sellers have addressed this issue by providing suggestions and answering each other questions. Some of the ways the seller community is handling the issue of non-paying bidders is by filing non-paying bidder alerts and FVFC(Final Value Free Credits). Consensus from the seller community is that filing negative feedback is not sufficient because eBay does not suspend a non-paying bidder until their feedback number reaches about a negative three. However, if the seller files the FVFC, E-bay will suspend the bidder if three sellers have filed on the same bidder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  eBay also addressed this situation by conducting a workshop titled â€Å"Reducing Unpaid Items†. The workshop was conducted by the eBay staff and was opened to the entire seller community. I think that this type of format is very useful to eBay sellers, because it gives them the chance to voice their concerns directly to eBay and get immediate feedback as to what is being done to address those concerns.

A Case Study of Joint Venture Banks in Nepal Essay

Using the data set published by joint venture banks in their annual reports, and NRB in its supervision annual reports, this paper examines the financial health of joint venture banks in the CAMEL framework. The health check up conducted on the basis of publicly available financial data concludes that the health of joint venture banks is better than that of the other commercial banks. In addition, the perusal of indicators of different components of CAMEL indicates that the financial health of joint venture banks are not so strong to manage the possible large scale shocks to their balance sheet and their health is fair. THE HISTORY OF MODERN commercial banking industry dates back to 1937 A.D in which year Nepal Bank Ltd. was incorporated. Till 1984, financial sector was closed to private sector and foreign investors. HMG/Nepal started to liberalize the financial sector in the first half of the 1980s. But it speeded up this process only in early 1990s. Private sector rushed into the finance industries especially after the restoration of democracy in 1990. Most of the commercial banks came into operation during the decade of 1990s. Government of any countries highly monitors and controls the finance industry even in the liberalized market economy. Government does so due to its high gravity in the national economy, and to build up the confidence of private sector in its financial system. Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) as an apex monetary authority of the country started to monitor and control the finance industry especially at the end of the 1990s by issuing the directives to the financial institutions (FIs). It initiated the offsite and onsite supervision of FIs to maintain their sound financial health and to build up  the confidence of private sector in the liberalized financial system and protect the interest of the investors. It has adopted the CAEL (capital adequacy, asset quality, earning and liquidity) system to check up the health of FIs. It has yet to use the CAMELS to evaluate the financial performance and check up the financial health. Independent outsiders also can not use all components of CAMELS to check up the financial health of FIs in Nepal due to the full disclosures of required financial information to outsiders. NRB dictated FIs to disclose the financial information in uniform way only in the fiscal year (FY) 2001/02. In this paper, attempt has been ma de to check up the financial health of joint venture banks in the framework of CAMEL. 1. Rationale of Regular Health Check up of Commercial Banks Not only the commercial banks but also any FIs require regular health check up to maintain the confidence of private sector in financial system of the country and protect the interest of depositors, lenders, shareholders and other stakeholders. The gravity of the importance of sound financial sector has increased tremendously after the international financial turmoil of the second half of the 1990s. International monetary authorities such as International Monetary Fund and international FI like the World Bank have underpinned the need of healthy financial sector to build up the confidence of private sector in the liber41 The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies alized financial system. Therefore, they have directed their member countries to reform the financial sector and conduct the regular health check up of FIs through onsite and offsite supervision. International FIs like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB) are supporting the projects run in the vein of reforming process of the financial sector of different countries. For example, the World Bank is constantly providing the technical and financial support to reengineer NRB and restructure Nepal Bank Ltd. and Rastriya Banijya Bank (NRB 2005). Health of financial sector depends on the health of individual FIs. In addition, individual FI’s health counts on the myriad macro and micro factors. Among the macro factors, political stability and the real sector growth are vital. The financial health of FIs can not sustain without the political stability and sustainable real sector growth with sound health. However, the intensity of contagious effect of these macro variables may vary from one individual FI to another. Therefore, health of individual FI should be checked up regularly to know the intensity of such effect. Health of an individual FI is a function of multiple factors such as quality of its assets, liquidity position, capital base, management quality, market sensitivity and earnings. All these factors affect the different types of risk to an individual FI. Different types of risks: credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, market risk, off-balance sheet risk, foreign exchange risk, sovereign risk, technology, operational risk, insolvency risk, affect the health of an individual FI adversely if they are not managed in sustainable manner (Saunders and Cornett 2004). A number of factors such as quality of assets, financial market condition, foreign exchange market, composition of assets, financial health of its clients, profitability, capital adequacy, affect the degree of these risks. Financial health check-up of an individual institution should be made regularly to detect the adverse effect of these risks on its health. Micro-prudential indicators such as capital adequacy, asset quality, management soundness, earning and profitability, liquidity, sensitivity to market risk, and market based indicators like market price of financial instruments, credit ratings are used as indicators of the sound health of an individual FI (Evan and others 2000). These indicators are explained at length in the ensuing section of this paper. 2. Theoretical Prescription of CAMELS Framework The Basle Committee on Banking Supervision of the Bank of International Settlements (BIS) has recommended using capital adequacy, assets quality, management quality, earnings and liquidity (CAMEL) as criteria for assessing a FI in 1988 (ADB 2002). The sixth component, market risk (S) was added to CAMEL in 1997 (Gilbert, Meyer and Vaughan 2000). However, most of the developing countries are using CAMEL instead of CAMELS in the performance evaluation of the FIs. The central banks in some of the countries like Nepal, Kenya use CAEL instead of CAMELS. CAMELS framework is a common method for evaluating the soundness of FIs. This system was developed by regulatory authorities of the U.S banks. The Federal Reserve Bank, the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation all use this system (McNally 1996). Monetary authorities in the most of the countries are using this system to check up the health of an individual FI. In addition, International Monetary Fund also is using the aggregated indicators of individual FIs to assess the financial system 42 Health Check-up of Commercial Banks soundness of its member countries as part of its surveillance work (Hilbers, Krueger and Moretti 2000). 2.1 Capital Adequacy CAMELS framework system looks at six major aspects of an FI: capital adequacy, asset quality, management soundness, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity to market risk (Hilbers, Krueger and Moretti 2000). The first component, capital adequacy ultimately determines how well FIs can manage with shocks to their balance sheets. Thus, it tracks capital adequacy ratios that take into account the most important financial risks—foreign exchange, credit, and interest rate risks—by assigning risk weightings to the institution’s assets. For the purpose of capital adequacy measurement, bank capital is divided into Tier I and Tier II. Tier I capital is primary capital and Tier II capital is supplementary capital. In Nepalese context, Tier I (core/primary) capital includes paid-up capital, share premium, non-redeemable preference share, general reserve fund, accumulated profit, capital redemption reserve, capital adjustment fund, and other free reserve. Amount of the goodwill, fictitious assets, investment in the financial instruments issued by an organized organization in excess to the limit specified by NRB, and investment in the financial instruments issued by the organizations having the own financial interest is deducted from the sum of all elements of the primary capital to arrive at the core capital. Similarly, Tier II (supplementary) capital comprises of general loan loss provision, assets revaluation reserve, hybrid capital instruments, subordinated term loan, exchange equalization reserve, excess loan loss provision, and investment adjustment reserve. Thus, the total capital of commercial banks is the sum of core capital and supplementary capital (NRB 2005). Leverage ratio can be used to measure the capital adequacy of a bank. This is the ratio of bank’s book value of core capital to the book value of its assets. The higher ratio shows the higher level of capital adequacy. The U.S.A. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act (FDICIA) of 1991 has fixed the five target zones: i. 5 percent and above ii. 4 percent and above iii. under 4 percent, iv. under 3 percent, v. 2 percent and less, of leverage ratio. The leverage ratio falling in the first zone implies that bank is well capitalized. Similarly, the leverage falling in the second zone shows that bank is adequately capitalized. The leverage falling in the last three zones indicates that bank is inadequately capitalized and regulators should take prompt corrective action to bring the capital to the desirable level (Saunders and Cornett 2004). The leverage ratio stated in the foregoing discussion is simple capital to assets ratio. In other words, assets are not risk adjusted. The 1993 Basel Accord enforced the capital ratio to risk adjusted assets of commercial banks. According to this accord, core capital must equal to or exceed 4 percent of the risk weighted assets of the commercial banks. Similarly, the amount of the supplementary capital should not exceed the amount of the core capital and the total capital must equal or exceed 8 percent of risk weighted assets (Saunders and Cornett 2004). NRB initially fixed the core capital at the level of 4.5 percent of the risk weighted assets and total capital at the level of 9 percent of risk weighted assets of the commercial banks (NRB 2058). For the current FY2005/06, the mandatory levels of core capital and total capital are 6 percent and 12 percent of risk weighted assets of commercial banks. But NRB has strictly directed all commercial banks that the amount of the supplementary capital should not be in excess to the amount of the core capital (NRB 2005). 43 The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 2.2 Asset Quality Credit risk is one of the factors that affect the health of an individual FI. The extent of the credit risk depends on the quality of assets held by an individual FI. The quality of assets held by an FI depends on exposure to specific risks, trends in non-performing loans, and the health and profitability of bank borrowers—especially the corporate sector. We can use a number of measures to indicate the quality of assets held by FIs. ADB suggests these measures—loan concentration by industry, region, borrower and portfolio quality; related party policies and exposure on outstanding loan, approval process of loan, check and balance of loans; loan loss provision ratio; portfolio in arrear; loan loss ratio; and reserve ratio—of checking the quality of assets of an FI (ADB 2002). NRB uses composition of assets, nonperforming loan to total loan ratio, net nonperforming loan to total loan ratio as the indicators of the quality of assets of commercial banks (NRB 2005. NRB has directed the commercial banks in regards to the concentration of the loan. Any licensed FI can grant the fund base loan to a single borrower or borrowers related to the same business group up to the 25 percent of its primary capital. In the same vein, it can provide the non-fund base loan up to 50 percent of its core capital (NRB 2005). Similarly, it has directed FIs to classify the loans into performing loan and nonperforming loans. The loans that are not due and 3 months past due fall in the class of performing loans/performing assets and others do in the non-performing loans. Further, non-performing loans are classified into three groups: substandard, doubtful, and bad debt/ loss (for detail classification see NRB directive 2/061/62). Commercial banks have to make 1 percent provision for pass loan/performing loan, 25 percent for substandard loan, 50 percent for doubtful loan and 100 percent for bad loan (NRB 2005). Non-performing assets in the total assets of commercial banks was 22.77 percent in the FY 2003/04. But the percentage of non-performing assets of an individual commercial bank varies from 0.76 percent to 57.64 in the same fiscal year. But the normal international standard of the percentage of non-performing assets is 5-8 percent of the total assets. 2.3 Management Quality Sound management is key to bank performance but is difficult to measure. It is primarily a qualitative factor applicable to individual institutions. Several indicators, however, can jointly serve as an indicator of management soundness. Expenses ratio, earning per employee, cost per loan, average loan size and cost per unit of money lent can be used as a proxy of the management quality. ADB recommends cost per unit of money lent as a proxy of management quality. But this can not be used as an indicator of management quality in Nepal. Since the data on amount of the total loan mobilized during a particular FY is not available in published financial statements and annual reports. As stated earlier, NRB has skipped up this component of CAMELS in the performance evaluation of commercial banks (see NRB 2005). 2.4 Earning Performance Earning capacity or profitability keeps up the sound health of an FI. Chronically unprofitable FI risks insolvency on one hand and on the others, unusually high profitability can reflect excessive risk taking of an FI. There are different indicators of profitability. Return on assets, return on equity, interest-spread ratio, earning-spread ratio, gross margin, 44 Health Check-up of Commercial Banks operating profit margin and net profit margin are commonly used profitability indicators. NRB uses return on total assets as an indicator of profitability of a commercial bank. In addition, it uses the absolute measures such as interest income, net interest income, noninterest income, net non-interest income, non-operating income, net non-operating income and net profit, to evaluate the profitability of a commercial bank (NRB 2005). 2.5 Liquidity Liquidity risk threats the solvency of FIs. In the case of commercial banks, first type of liquidity risk arises when depositors of commercial banks seek to withdraw their money and the second type does when commitment holders want to exercise the commitments recorded off the balance sheet. Commercial banks have to borrow the additional funds or sell the assets at fire sale price to pay off the deposit liabilities. They become insolvent if sale price of the assets are not enough to meet the liability withdrawals. The second type of liquidity risk arises when demand for unexpected loans can not be met due to the lack of the funds. Commercial banks can raise the  funds by running down their cash assets, borrowing additional funds in the money markets and selling off other assets at distressed price. Both liability side liquidity risk (first type risk) and asset side liquidity risk (second type risk) affect the health of commercial banks adversely. But maintaining the high liquidity position to minimize such risks also adversely affects the profitability of FIs. Return on highly liquid assets is almost zero. Therefore, FIs should strike the tradeoff between liquidity position and profitability so that they could maintain their health sound. Commercial bank’s liquidity exposure can be measured by analyzing the sources and uses of liquidity. In this approach, total net liquidity is worked out by deducting the total of uses of liquidity from the total of sources of liquidity. Similarly, BIS maturity laddering model can be used to measure the liquidity of a commercial banks. In addition, different liquidity exposure ratios such as borrowed funds to total assets, core deposit to total assets, loans to deposits, and commitments to lend to total assets are used to measure the liquidity position of a commercial bank (Saunders and Cornett 2004). NRB uses total loan to total deposit ratio, cash and equivalents to total assets ratio, cash and equivalents to total deposit ratio, NRB balance to total deposit ratio to measure the liquidity position of commercial banks in the course of the performance evaluation of commercial banks (NRB 2005). 2.6 Sensitivity to Market Risk Commercial banks are increasingly involved in diversified operations such as lending and borrowing, transaction in foreign exchange, selling off assets pledged for securities and so on. All these are subject to market risk like interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk, and financial asset and commodity price risk. The health of an FI more sensitive to market risk is more hazardous than that of less sensitive. Foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, equity price risk, and commodity price risk are the indicators of sensitivity to market risk. 3. Methodology At present, all together 17 commercial banks are in operation. Out of this, Rastriya Banijya Bank is fully owned by HMG/Nepal while in case of Nepal Bank Ltd, HMG/Nepal is the major shareholder. There are six joint venture banks in collaboration with the foreign investment partners and remaining are fully owned by Nepalese investors. For the purpose 45 The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies of this study, the population has been defined in term of joint venture commercial banks. So the population of this study is six. For the purpose of this study, 3 banks—Nabil Bank Limited (Nabil), Nepal SBI Bank Ltd. (NSBI) and Standard Chartered Bank Nepal Limited (SCBN), were selected randomly (for sampling frame and sample refer to Appendix 1). This study is based on the historical data disclosed by annual reports of commercial banks. NRB has dictated the commercial banks to disclose the financial information in the prescribed format since the FY 2001/02. So, the comparison of financial performance of commercial banks each other is only possible only the FY 2000/01 onward.1 Most of the commercial banks have yet to hold the annual general meeting and publish their annual report for the FY 2004/05. So, it is not possible to include this FY in the study. Therefore, this study covers the last four consecutive fiscal years—from the FY 2000/01 through FY 2003/04. The analysis of this study is entirely based on the CAMELS framework. As stated in theoretical prescription, health check up of any FIs in this framework is concentrated in the six components: capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, earning, liquidity and sensitivity to market. But in this study, the last component has been dropped due to the presence of much more complication. So, analysis of financial health of joint venture banks is carried out in the framework of CAMEL. Indicators of each component also have been used according to the financial data disclosed in annual reports of sampled joint venture banks. So, complicated indicators of each component of CAMEL framework of checking up the health of the banks have been skipped up in this study (for the indicators of each component refer to Appendix 2). 4. Analysis of Financial Health of Commercial Banks This section of this paper analyses the indicators of the financial health of sampled joint venture banks in the CAMEL framework. As stated in methodology, all indicators of the financial health of FIs have not be worked out and analyzed, only the indicators permitted by the publicly available comparable financial data have been used to analyze the financial health of the sampled banks. The ensuing section presents the analysis of different indicators of sound health of an FI in the context of joint venture banks in Nepal. 4.1 Capital Adequacy As stated earlier, leverage ratio, core capital ratio, total capital ratio and supplementary capital ratio are used as the indicators of capital adequacy of an FI. Leverage ratios of sampled banks, in general, show that joint venture banks are well capitalized and they are strong enough to mange the shock to balance sheet. Since the leverage ratios of sampled banks during the study periods are greater than 5 percent. Conventionally, leverage ratio of 5 percent or greater than 5 percent indicates that commercial banks are well capitalized. The indicators: TCR, CCR and SCR, of capital adequacy of joint venture banks also corroborate with the implication of leverage ratio. In general, all banks under study have met the capital adequacy ratio as directed by NRB. Only NSBI has not met the minimum capital requirement as directed by NRB in the FY 2000/01 and FY 2003/04. In these fiscal years, its TCR and CCR are lower than that of minimum ratio specified by NRB. Similarly, in the Financial information for the FY2000/01 were extracted from the annual reports of the sample banks. But this was not possible in Nabil Bank Ltd. Capital of commercial banks in Nepal is negative due to the heavy amount of negative capital of two public sector banks: Nepal Bank Ltd. and Rastriya Banijya Bank. Capital of these two banks is negative due to the heavy accumulated losses. Thus, the public sector banks have yet to meet the capital adequacy requirements as required by NRB. But private sector banks have, in general, met the capital adequacy requirement. The comparison between the capital fund to risk weighted assets ratio of each individual joint venture bank with the aggregate capital fund ratio of private sector commercial banks (IAR) implies that joint venture banks have stronger capital base than that of other private sector banks in general. In addition, average capital fund ratio of joint venture banks during the study period hovers around 14 percent. This is higher than the minimum ratio specified by NRB. This clearly implies that joint venture banks are complying with the directive of NRB on the requirement of the capital base of commercial banks. As stated in the foregoing analysis, banks under study are well capitalized and they are complying with the directive of NRB on capital adequacy ratio. But their capital base relative to the risk weighted assets is not so strong. According to the international rating convention, total capital should be greater than 19.5 percent of the total risk weighted assets of commercial banks in order to be a strong capital base. But none of the banks under study has the capital fund greater than 19.5 percent of the total risk weighted capital. As indicated by TCR, on the average, capital adequacy of joint venture banks is fair during the study period. Total capital adequacy ratio less than 15 and equal to 12 indicates that capital adequacy is fair and on the average this ratio falls within this range. 47 The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 4.2 Asset Quality It is obvious from the theoretical prescription that the health of commercial banks largely depends on the quality of assets held by them, and quality of the assets relies on the financial health of their borrowers. As stated earlier, many indicators can be used to measure the quality of assets held by commercial banks. But, here, only two simple indicators— non-performing asset ratio and loan loss reserve ratio—are used to measure the quality of assets being held by banks. The increasing trend of these ratios shows the deteriorating quality of commercial bank assets. In general, 5 percent to 10 percent of non-performing assets is considered as satisfactory level of quality of bank assets, Table 2: Indicators of Asset Quality of Sampled Banks